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Already at the time of Gippokrata existed «stonecrashers» — people, able to delete stones from a bladder urined access. In «the Canon of a medical science» Avitsenny is in detail described technics of operation of removal of stones from a bladder, it develops technics catetering a bladder.

As separate medical discipline some historians consider as the urology founder Frantsisko Diasa, its monography which has left in Madrid in 1588, is completely devoted the occurrence reasons, clinic, diagnostics, treatment of urological diseases, technics of urological operations, the description of urological toolkit.

In Russia outstanding «stonecrasher» was And. P.Venediktov living in second half of a XVIII-th century, executed during a life more than 3000 stonecrashing (at postoperative letal about 4 %).

The first-ever specialised urological branch has been opened in Paris in 1830 to which managers became J. Civiale, for the first time offered cystolitrotipsiya.

The first in Russia epycystolytotomiya is executed in 1823 by K.I.Grum-Grzhimajlo, the first cystolitrotipsiya — in 1830 A.I.Polem (by technique J. Civiale). Development of domestic urology inseparably linked with I.V.Bujalskogo, A.M.Shumljanskogo, N.I.Pirogova, F.I.Inozemtseva's names. The first Russian monography on urology H.Tsubera's dissertation «about illnesses of a bladder» is considered.

The first-ever model цистоскопа has been offered in 1877 to M.Nittse, it, continuing to improve the invention, has created various variants cystoscope (viewing, irrigational, evacutional, operational), in 1893 by it is executed first-ever cystoscopic a photo, and in 1894 it is published first-ever cystographic atlas. In 1897 Cuban I.Albarran has improved cystoscope the special adaptation (so-called. "Lift Albarrana") which has made possible cateterizing.

In 1907 in Paris the International association of urologists is created, in 1908 1st International congress of urologists in the same place has taken place.

In Russia the urology has started to be allocated in an independent science at the initiative of S.P.Fyodorova in 1904, in 1923 there was a governmental order about opening of chairs of urology in leading medical HIGH SCHOOLS of the country. In 1923 in Russia magazine "Urology" has been founded. In January, 1924 on the basis of the First City clinical hospital of a name of N.I.Pirogova professor Nikolay Fedorovich Lezhnyov has based clinic of urology on the basis of city branch. In 1926 in Moscow 1st All-Russia congress of urologists has taken place. Since 1929 in the USSR the urography, since 1956 — a hemodialysis, since 1958 — transphemoral nephritic angyigaphia, since 1965 — a renal transplantation began to be applied excretory.

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